Rouart purchased it at the auction for 175 francs. 8 in the catalogue and titled Sunrise (Seascape) (Soleil levant (Marine)). The painting proposed by Rewald was in the auction organized by the Impressionists and held at the Hotel Drouot. The dimensions are close but not exactly the same. Signed and dated, lower left : Claude Monet, 72Īcadémie des Beaux-Arts Musée Marmottan, Paris Bequest of Donop de Monchy Paul Durand-Ruel, as quoted by Lionello Venturi, remembered a “seascape with setting sun.” Claude Monet, according to Guillemot (see Selected Bibliography), said in reference to the title, “Just put Impression.” The problem is perhaps traceable to the catalogue for the first Impressionist exhibition : Renoir's brother, Edmond, the editor for the catalogue-checklist, may have added soleil levant as a more accurate and detailed description, without noting that in the painting itself the sun seems to be setting, not rising. Evidence from another source is also noteworthy : in 1906 Théodore Duret, one of the first critics to defend the Impressionists, cited the Marmottan picture as the work that was the basis of the movement's name.įinally, several other sources must be mentioned. If the Rouart picture was not the notorious Monet in the first Impressionist exhibition, it is unlikely that Geffroy, who was generally accurate in his facts, would have mistakenly identified it. Rouart, in fact, belonged to the group that originated Impressionism and was himself a painter and one of the first admirers of Monet's work. Niculescu notes, the article by Gustave Geffroy seems to justify a choice in favor of the Marmottan painting, because Geffroy knew Monet well and also knew the collector Georges de Bellio, the second owner of the picture (see Provenance) he also probably knew Henri Rouart and his collection. Recently most critics have simply affirmed the traditional identification in favour of the work in the present exhibition.įirm and final identification of the picture in the 1874 exhibition will not be possible until further evidence is uncovered. The articles by Bodelsen and Niculescu provide a detailed record of the provenance of both pictures. Seitz had already argued in favour of that position in 1960. However, in a re-examination of the problem in 1970, Niculescu returned to the traditional point of view W.C. Rewald's thesis was considered and subsequently accepted by R. This work will be designated here by the name of its first owner, Henri Rouart. The picture identified by Rewald (Monet : Impression, Sunrise ) has the same date and nearly the same dimensions as the Musée Marmottan painting the subject, too, is nearly identical. Students of Impressionism became more aware of the problem when, in 1955, at the suggestion of Daniel Wildenstein, John Rewald brought forward an overlooked painting in a private collection in Paris (see History of Impressionism |fourth edition], New York, 1973, p. Other earlier references, including Leroy’s, are not specific some authors mention a “soleil levant” (sunrise) and others refer to a “soleil couchant” (sunset). The first author to specifically identify Impression with the first Impressionist exhibition seems to have been G. The painting from the Musée Marmottan shown here has been traditionally identified as the work described in Leroy’s article. Littré included it in the supplement of his dictionary impressionniste was officially accepted into the language. Leroy could not have foreseen the ramifications of his choice of words, intended in fact to be derisive. Using Monet's title, the critic Louis Leroy coined the term “Impressionist” in a review, ”L'Exposition des Impressionnistes,” which appeared in Le Charivari on April 25, 1874. 98 in the catalogue, was a canvas titled Impression, Soleil Levant (Impression, Sunrise). One of the pictures exhibited by Monet, no. The first Impressionist exhibition opened on April 15, 1874, at the studio of the photographer Nadar, at 34 Boulevard des Capucines.
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